PHP stands for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor." It's a widely-used, open-source, server-side scripting language that's especially suited for web development. PHP scripts are executed on the server and the results are returned to the browser as plain HTML (or JSON, XML, etc.).
Easy Integration: PHP can be easily embedded within HTML code.
Database Integration: PHP supports a wide variety of databases and offers numerous extensions for database access.
Cost: Being open-source, it's free.
Community: PHP has a massive community and tons of resources, which makes troubleshooting and learning easier.
Platform Independent: PHP code can run on various platforms, such as Windows, Linux, Unix, and many more.
Frameworks: There are numerous PHP frameworks like Laravel, Symfony, CodeIgniter, etc., which help in rapid application development.
Early Days: PHP/FI (Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter) was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. Initially, it was a set of CGI binaries written in C, which Rasmus used to track visits to his online resume. This was the birth of PHP, although it looked very different from what we have today.
PHP/FI 2.0: In 1995, Rasmus released PHP/FI 2.0. This version had a more sophisticated system for handling forms, some built-in database functionality, and support for user-defined functions.
PHP 3 and 4: Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski, after using PHP/FI 2.0 for their own projects, teamed up with Rasmus to start the development of a new version of PHP - PHP 3. This was the foundation of the PHP we know today. After the release of PHP 3 in 1998, Andi and Zeev introduced the Zend Engine in 1999, leading to PHP 4 in 2000. The Zend Engine was a core part of PHP that improved its performance and extensibility.
PHP 5: Released in 2004, PHP 5 brought with it improved support for object-oriented programming and included new features such as PDO (PHP Data Objects) for database abstraction, and better XML parsing with SimpleXML.
PHP 6: PHP 6 was an attempt to introduce native Unicode support. However, it was never officially released because of various technical challenges. Many of its planned features were incorporated into future PHP versions, though without native Unicode support.
PHP 7: Launched in 2015, PHP 7 brought about significant performance improvements, achieving speeds of up to twice as fast as PHP 5.6. It also introduced new features like scalar type declarations, return type declarations, and the null coalesce operator.
PHP 8: Released in November 2020, PHP 8 introduced a variety of new features and optimizations, including named arguments, attributes, the JIT (Just In Time) compiler, and the match expression, to name a few.
PHP has seen various ups and downs, but its persistent community, commitment to backward compatibility, and continuous improvements have made it one of the most popular server-side scripting languages in the world.
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